Power is only being converted
once (AC to DC, or DC to AC). In normal operation, a small amount
of power is being converted from AC to DC to maintain battery charge.
When input AC power goes out of specification, the inverter converts
the DC power to AC to support the load. When the input power goes
out of specification, there is a power disturbance in output voltage
as the power failure is detected, the transfer relay operates, and
the output inverter turns on to begin supplying the load.